# uncompyle6 version 3.2.3
# Python bytecode 3.6 (3379)
# Decompiled from: Python 3.6.8 |Anaconda custom (64-bit)| (default, Feb 21 2019, 18:30:04) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
# Embedded file name: ipaddress.py
"""A fast, lightweight IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library in Python.

This library is used to create/poke/manipulate IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
and networks.

"""
__version__ = "1.0"
import functools

IPV4LENGTH = 32
IPV6LENGTH = 128


class AddressValueError(ValueError):
    """A Value Error related to the address."""

    pass


class NetmaskValueError(ValueError):
    """A Value Error related to the netmask."""

    pass


def ip_address(address):
    """Take an IP string/int and return an object of the correct type.
    
    Args:
        address: A string or integer, the IP address.  Either IPv4 or
          IPv6 addresses may be supplied; integers less than 2**32 will
          be considered to be IPv4 by default.
    
    Returns:
        An IPv4Address or IPv6Address object.
    
    Raises:
        ValueError: if the *address* passed isn't either a v4 or a v6
          address
    
    """
    try:
        return IPv4Address(address)
    except (AddressValueError, NetmaskValueError):
        pass

    try:
        return IPv6Address(address)
    except (AddressValueError, NetmaskValueError):
        pass

    raise ValueError("%r does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 address" % address)


def ip_network(address, strict=True):
    """Take an IP string/int and return an object of the correct type.
    
    Args:
        address: A string or integer, the IP network.  Either IPv4 or
          IPv6 networks may be supplied; integers less than 2**32 will
          be considered to be IPv4 by default.
    
    Returns:
        An IPv4Network or IPv6Network object.
    
    Raises:
        ValueError: if the string passed isn't either a v4 or a v6
          address. Or if the network has host bits set.
    
    """
    try:
        return IPv4Network(address, strict)
    except (AddressValueError, NetmaskValueError):
        pass

    try:
        return IPv6Network(address, strict)
    except (AddressValueError, NetmaskValueError):
        pass

    raise ValueError("%r does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network" % address)


def ip_interface(address):
    """Take an IP string/int and return an object of the correct type.
    
    Args:
        address: A string or integer, the IP address.  Either IPv4 or
          IPv6 addresses may be supplied; integers less than 2**32 will
          be considered to be IPv4 by default.
    
    Returns:
        An IPv4Interface or IPv6Interface object.
    
    Raises:
        ValueError: if the string passed isn't either a v4 or a v6
          address.
    
    Notes:
        The IPv?Interface classes describe an Address on a particular
        Network, so they're basically a combination of both the Address
        and Network classes.
    
    """
    try:
        return IPv4Interface(address)
    except (AddressValueError, NetmaskValueError):
        pass

    try:
        return IPv6Interface(address)
    except (AddressValueError, NetmaskValueError):
        pass

    raise ValueError("%r does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 interface" % address)


def v4_int_to_packed(address):
    """Represent an address as 4 packed bytes in network (big-endian) order.
    
    Args:
        address: An integer representation of an IPv4 IP address.
    
    Returns:
        The integer address packed as 4 bytes in network (big-endian) order.
    
    Raises:
        ValueError: If the integer is negative or too large to be an
          IPv4 IP address.
    
    """
    try:
        return address.to_bytes(4, "big")
    except OverflowError:
        raise ValueError("Address negative or too large for IPv4")


def v6_int_to_packed(address):
    """Represent an address as 16 packed bytes in network (big-endian) order.
    
    Args:
        address: An integer representation of an IPv6 IP address.
    
    Returns:
        The integer address packed as 16 bytes in network (big-endian) order.
    
    """
    try:
        return address.to_bytes(16, "big")
    except OverflowError:
        raise ValueError("Address negative or too large for IPv6")


def _split_optional_netmask(address):
    """Helper to split the netmask and raise AddressValueError if needed"""
    addr = str(address).split("/")
    if len(addr) > 2:
        raise AddressValueError("Only one '/' permitted in %r" % address)
    return addr


def _find_address_range(addresses):
    """Find a sequence of sorted deduplicated IPv#Address.
    
    Args:
        addresses: a list of IPv#Address objects.
    
    Yields:
        A tuple containing the first and last IP addresses in the sequence.
    
    """
    it = iter(addresses)
    first = last = next(it)
    for ip in it:
        if ip._ip != last._ip + 1:
            yield (first, last)
            first = ip
        last = ip

    yield (first, last)


def _count_righthand_zero_bits(number, bits):
    """Count the number of zero bits on the right hand side.
    
    Args:
        number: an integer.
        bits: maximum number of bits to count.
    
    Returns:
        The number of zero bits on the right hand side of the number.
    
    """
    if number == 0:
        return bits
    else:
        return min(bits, (~number & number - 1).bit_length())


def summarize_address_range(first, last):
    """Summarize a network range given the first and last IP addresses.
    
    Example:
        >>> list(summarize_address_range(IPv4Address('192.0.2.0'),
        ...                              IPv4Address('192.0.2.130')))
        ...                                #doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
        [IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/31'),
         IPv4Network('192.0.2.130/32')]
    
    Args:
        first: the first IPv4Address or IPv6Address in the range.
        last: the last IPv4Address or IPv6Address in the range.
    
    Returns:
        An iterator of the summarized IPv(4|6) network objects.
    
    Raise:
        TypeError:
            If the first and last objects are not IP addresses.
            If the first and last objects are not the same version.
        ValueError:
            If the last object is not greater than the first.
            If the version of the first address is not 4 or 6.
    
    """
    if not (isinstance(first, _BaseAddress) and isinstance(last, _BaseAddress)):
        raise TypeError("first and last must be IP addresses, not networks")
    if first.version != last.version:
        raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same version" % (first, last))
    if first > last:
        raise ValueError("last IP address must be greater than first")
    if first.version == 4:
        ip = IPv4Network
    else:
        if first.version == 6:
            ip = IPv6Network
        else:
            raise ValueError("unknown IP version")
        ip_bits = first._max_prefixlen
        first_int = first._ip
        last_int = last._ip
        while first_int <= last_int:
            nbits = min(
                _count_righthand_zero_bits(first_int, ip_bits),
                (last_int - first_int + 1).bit_length() - 1,
            )
            net = ip((first_int, ip_bits - nbits))
            yield net
            first_int += 1 << nbits
            if first_int - 1 == ip._ALL_ONES:
                break


def _collapse_addresses_internal(addresses):
    """Loops through the addresses, collapsing concurrent netblocks.
    
    Example:
    
        ip1 = IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/26')
        ip2 = IPv4Network('192.0.2.64/26')
        ip3 = IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/26')
        ip4 = IPv4Network('192.0.2.192/26')
    
        _collapse_addresses_internal([ip1, ip2, ip3, ip4]) ->
          [IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')]
    
        This shouldn't be called directly; it is called via
          collapse_addresses([]).
    
    Args:
        addresses: A list of IPv4Network's or IPv6Network's
    
    Returns:
        A list of IPv4Network's or IPv6Network's depending on what we were
        passed.
    
    """
    to_merge = list(addresses)
    subnets = {}
    while to_merge:
        net = to_merge.pop()
        supernet = net.supernet()
        existing = subnets.get(supernet)
        if existing is None:
            subnets[supernet] = net
        elif existing != net:
            del subnets[supernet]
            to_merge.append(supernet)

    last = None
    for net in sorted(subnets.values()):
        if last is not None:
            if last.broadcast_address >= net.broadcast_address:
                continue
            yield net
            last = net


def collapse_addresses(addresses):
    """Collapse a list of IP objects.
    
    Example:
        collapse_addresses([IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25'),
                            IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/25')]) ->
                           [IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')]
    
    Args:
        addresses: An iterator of IPv4Network or IPv6Network objects.
    
    Returns:
        An iterator of the collapsed IPv(4|6)Network objects.
    
    Raises:
        TypeError: If passed a list of mixed version objects.
    
    """
    addrs = []
    ips = []
    nets = []
    for ip in addresses:
        if isinstance(ip, _BaseAddress):
            if ips:
                if ips[-1]._version != ip._version:
                    raise TypeError(
                        "%s and %s are not of the same version" % (ip, ips[-1])
                    )
            ips.append(ip)
        elif ip._prefixlen == ip._max_prefixlen:
            if ips:
                if ips[-1]._version != ip._version:
                    raise TypeError(
                        "%s and %s are not of the same version" % (ip, ips[-1])
                    )
            try:
                ips.append(ip.ip)
            except AttributeError:
                ips.append(ip.network_address)

        else:
            if nets:
                if nets[-1]._version != ip._version:
                    raise TypeError(
                        "%s and %s are not of the same version" % (ip, nets[-1])
                    )
            nets.append(ip)

    ips = sorted(set(ips))
    if ips:
        for first, last in _find_address_range(ips):
            addrs.extend(summarize_address_range(first, last))

    return _collapse_addresses_internal(addrs + nets)


def get_mixed_type_key(obj):
    """Return a key suitable for sorting between networks and addresses.
    
    Address and Network objects are not sortable by default; they're
    fundamentally different so the expression
    
        IPv4Address('192.0.2.0') <= IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')
    
    doesn't make any sense.  There are some times however, where you may wish
    to have ipaddress sort these for you anyway. If you need to do this, you
    can use this function as the key= argument to sorted().
    
    Args:
      obj: either a Network or Address object.
    Returns:
      appropriate key.
    
    """
    if isinstance(obj, _BaseNetwork):
        return obj._get_networks_key()
    elif isinstance(obj, _BaseAddress):
        return obj._get_address_key()
    else:
        return NotImplemented


class _IPAddressBase:
    """The mother class."""

    __slots__ = ()

    @property
    def exploded(self):
        """Return the longhand version of the IP address as a string."""
        return self._explode_shorthand_ip_string()

    @property
    def compressed(self):
        """Return the shorthand version of the IP address as a string."""
        return str(self)

    @property
    def reverse_pointer(self):
        """The name of the reverse DNS pointer for the IP address, e.g.:
            >>> ipaddress.ip_address("127.0.0.1").reverse_pointer
            '1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa'
            >>> ipaddress.ip_address("2001:db8::1").reverse_pointer
            '1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa'
        
        """
        return self._reverse_pointer()

    @property
    def version(self):
        msg = "%200s has no version specified" % (type(self),)
        raise NotImplementedError(msg)

    def _check_int_address(self, address):
        if address < 0:
            msg = "%d (< 0) is not permitted as an IPv%d address"
            raise AddressValueError(msg % (address, self._version))
        if address > self._ALL_ONES:
            msg = "%d (>= 2**%d) is not permitted as an IPv%d address"
            raise AddressValueError(msg % (address, self._max_prefixlen, self._version))

    def _check_packed_address(self, address, expected_len):
        address_len = len(address)
        if address_len != expected_len:
            msg = "%r (len %d != %d) is not permitted as an IPv%d address"
            raise AddressValueError(
                msg % (address, address_len, expected_len, self._version)
            )

    @classmethod
    def _ip_int_from_prefix(cls, prefixlen):
        """Turn the prefix length into a bitwise netmask
        
        Args:
            prefixlen: An integer, the prefix length.
        
        Returns:
            An integer.
        
        """
        return cls._ALL_ONES ^ cls._ALL_ONES >> prefixlen

    @classmethod
    def _prefix_from_ip_int(cls, ip_int):
        """Return prefix length from the bitwise netmask.
        
        Args:
            ip_int: An integer, the netmask in expanded bitwise format
        
        Returns:
            An integer, the prefix length.
        
        Raises:
            ValueError: If the input intermingles zeroes & ones
        """
        trailing_zeroes = _count_righthand_zero_bits(ip_int, cls._max_prefixlen)
        prefixlen = cls._max_prefixlen - trailing_zeroes
        leading_ones = ip_int >> trailing_zeroes
        all_ones = (1 << prefixlen) - 1
        if leading_ones != all_ones:
            byteslen = cls._max_prefixlen // 8
            details = ip_int.to_bytes(byteslen, "big")
            msg = "Netmask pattern %r mixes zeroes & ones"
            raise ValueError(msg % details)
        return prefixlen

    @classmethod
    def _report_invalid_netmask(cls, netmask_str):
        msg = "%r is not a valid netmask" % netmask_str
        raise NetmaskValueError(msg) from None

    @classmethod
    def _prefix_from_prefix_string(cls, prefixlen_str):
        """Return prefix length from a numeric string
        
        Args:
            prefixlen_str: The string to be converted
        
        Returns:
            An integer, the prefix length.
        
        Raises:
            NetmaskValueError: If the input is not a valid netmask
        """
        if not _BaseV4._DECIMAL_DIGITS.issuperset(prefixlen_str):
            cls._report_invalid_netmask(prefixlen_str)
        try:
            prefixlen = int(prefixlen_str)
        except ValueError:
            cls._report_invalid_netmask(prefixlen_str)

        if not 0 <= prefixlen <= cls._max_prefixlen:
            cls._report_invalid_netmask(prefixlen_str)
        return prefixlen

    @classmethod
    def _prefix_from_ip_string(cls, ip_str):
        """Turn a netmask/hostmask string into a prefix length
        
        Args:
            ip_str: The netmask/hostmask to be converted
        
        Returns:
            An integer, the prefix length.
        
        Raises:
            NetmaskValueError: If the input is not a valid netmask/hostmask
        """
        try:
            ip_int = cls._ip_int_from_string(ip_str)
        except AddressValueError:
            cls._report_invalid_netmask(ip_str)

        try:
            return cls._prefix_from_ip_int(ip_int)
        except ValueError:
            pass

        ip_int ^= cls._ALL_ONES
        try:
            return cls._prefix_from_ip_int(ip_int)
        except ValueError:
            cls._report_invalid_netmask(ip_str)

    def __reduce__(self):
        return (self.__class__, (str(self),))


@functools.total_ordering
class _BaseAddress(_IPAddressBase):
    """A generic IP object.
    
    This IP class contains the version independent methods which are
    used by single IP addresses.
    """

    __slots__ = ()

    def __int__(self):
        return self._ip

    def __eq__(self, other):
        try:
            return self._ip == other._ip and self._version == other._version
        except AttributeError:
            return NotImplemented

    def __lt__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, _BaseAddress):
            return NotImplemented
        else:
            if self._version != other._version:
                raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same version" % (self, other))
            if self._ip != other._ip:
                return self._ip < other._ip
            return False

    def __add__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, int):
            return NotImplemented
        else:
            return self.__class__(int(self) + other)

    def __sub__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, int):
            return NotImplemented
        else:
            return self.__class__(int(self) - other)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__, str(self))

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip))

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash(hex(int(self._ip)))

    def _get_address_key(self):
        return (self._version, self)

    def __reduce__(self):
        return (self.__class__, (self._ip,))


@functools.total_ordering
class _BaseNetwork(_IPAddressBase):
    """A generic IP network object.
    
    This IP class contains the version independent methods which are
    used by networks.
    
    """

    def __init__(self, address):
        self._cache = {}

    def __repr__(self):
        return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__, str(self))

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s/%d" % (self.network_address, self.prefixlen)

    def hosts(self):
        """Generate Iterator over usable hosts in a network.
        
        This is like __iter__ except it doesn't return the network
        or broadcast addresses.
        
        """
        network = int(self.network_address)
        broadcast = int(self.broadcast_address)
        for x in range(network + 1, broadcast):
            yield self._address_class(x)

    def __iter__(self):
        network = int(self.network_address)
        broadcast = int(self.broadcast_address)
        for x in range(network, broadcast + 1):
            yield self._address_class(x)

    def __getitem__(self, n):
        network = int(self.network_address)
        broadcast = int(self.broadcast_address)
        if n >= 0:
            if network + n > broadcast:
                raise IndexError("address out of range")
            return self._address_class(network + n)
        else:
            n += 1
            if broadcast + n < network:
                raise IndexError("address out of range")
            return self._address_class(broadcast + n)

    def __lt__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, _BaseNetwork):
            return NotImplemented
        if self._version != other._version:
            raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same version" % (self, other))
        if self.network_address != other.network_address:
            return self.network_address < other.network_address
        elif self.netmask != other.netmask:
            return self.netmask < other.netmask
        else:
            return False

    def __eq__(self, other):
        try:
            return (
                self._version == other._version
                and self.network_address == other.network_address
                and int(self.netmask) == int(other.netmask)
            )
        except AttributeError:
            return NotImplemented

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash(int(self.network_address) ^ int(self.netmask))

    def __contains__(self, other):
        if self._version != other._version:
            return False
        elif isinstance(other, _BaseNetwork):
            return False
        else:
            return (
                int(self.network_address)
                <= int(other._ip)
                <= int(self.broadcast_address)
            )

    def overlaps(self, other):
        """Tell if self is partly contained in other."""
        return (
            self.network_address in other
            or self.broadcast_address in other
            or other.network_address in self
            or other.broadcast_address in self
        )

    @property
    def broadcast_address(self):
        x = self._cache.get("broadcast_address")
        if x is None:
            x = self._address_class(int(self.network_address) | int(self.hostmask))
            self._cache["broadcast_address"] = x
        return x

    @property
    def hostmask(self):
        x = self._cache.get("hostmask")
        if x is None:
            x = self._address_class(int(self.netmask) ^ self._ALL_ONES)
            self._cache["hostmask"] = x
        return x

    @property
    def with_prefixlen(self):
        return "%s/%d" % (self.network_address, self._prefixlen)

    @property
    def with_netmask(self):
        return "%s/%s" % (self.network_address, self.netmask)

    @property
    def with_hostmask(self):
        return "%s/%s" % (self.network_address, self.hostmask)

    @property
    def num_addresses(self):
        """Number of hosts in the current subnet."""
        return int(self.broadcast_address) - int(self.network_address) + 1

    @property
    def _address_class(self):
        msg = "%200s has no associated address class" % (type(self),)
        raise NotImplementedError(msg)

    @property
    def prefixlen(self):
        return self._prefixlen

    def address_exclude(self, other):
        """Remove an address from a larger block.
        
        For example:
        
            addr1 = ip_network('192.0.2.0/28')
            addr2 = ip_network('192.0.2.1/32')
            list(addr1.address_exclude(addr2)) =
                [IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/32'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.2/31'),
                 IPv4Network('192.0.2.4/30'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.8/29')]
        
        or IPv6:
        
            addr1 = ip_network('2001:db8::1/32')
            addr2 = ip_network('2001:db8::1/128')
            list(addr1.address_exclude(addr2)) =
                [ip_network('2001:db8::1/128'),
                 ip_network('2001:db8::2/127'),
                 ip_network('2001:db8::4/126'),
                 ip_network('2001:db8::8/125'),
                 ...
                 ip_network('2001:db8:8000::/33')]
        
        Args:
            other: An IPv4Network or IPv6Network object of the same type.
        
        Returns:
            An iterator of the IPv(4|6)Network objects which is self
            minus other.
        
        Raises:
            TypeError: If self and other are of differing address
              versions, or if other is not a network object.
            ValueError: If other is not completely contained by self.
        
        """
        if not self._version == other._version:
            raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same version" % (self, other))
        if not isinstance(other, _BaseNetwork):
            raise TypeError("%s is not a network object" % other)
        if not (
            other.network_address >= self.network_address
            and other.broadcast_address <= self.broadcast_address
        ):
            raise ValueError("%s not contained in %s" % (other, self))
        if other == self:
            return
        other = other.__class__("%s/%s" % (other.network_address, other.prefixlen))
        s1, s2 = self.subnets()
        while s1 != other and s2 != other:
            if other.network_address >= s1.network_address:
                if other.broadcast_address <= s1.broadcast_address:
                    yield s2
                    s1, s2 = s1.subnets()
            elif other.network_address >= s2.network_address:
                if other.broadcast_address <= s2.broadcast_address:
                    yield s1
                    s1, s2 = s2.subnets()
            else:
                raise AssertionError(
                    "Error performing exclusion: s1: %s s2: %s other: %s"
                    % (s1, s2, other)
                )

        if s1 == other:
            yield s2
        else:
            if s2 == other:
                yield s1
            else:
                raise AssertionError(
                    "Error performing exclusion: s1: %s s2: %s other: %s"
                    % (s1, s2, other)
                )

    def compare_networks(self, other):
        """Compare two IP objects.
        
        This is only concerned about the comparison of the integer
        representation of the network addresses.  This means that the
        host bits aren't considered at all in this method.  If you want
        to compare host bits, you can easily enough do a
        'HostA._ip < HostB._ip'
        
        Args:
            other: An IP object.
        
        Returns:
            If the IP versions of self and other are the same, returns:
        
            -1 if self < other:
              eg: IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25') < IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/25')
              IPv6Network('2001:db8::1000/124') <
                  IPv6Network('2001:db8::2000/124')
            0 if self == other
              eg: IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24') == IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')
              IPv6Network('2001:db8::1000/124') ==
                  IPv6Network('2001:db8::1000/124')
            1 if self > other
              eg: IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/25') > IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25')
                  IPv6Network('2001:db8::2000/124') >
                      IPv6Network('2001:db8::1000/124')
        
          Raises:
              TypeError if the IP versions are different.
        
        """
        if self._version != other._version:
            raise TypeError("%s and %s are not of the same type" % (self, other))
        if self.network_address < other.network_address:
            return -1
        elif self.network_address > other.network_address:
            return 1
        elif self.netmask < other.netmask:
            return -1
        elif self.netmask > other.netmask:
            return 1
        else:
            return 0

    def _get_networks_key(self):
        """Network-only key function.
        
        Returns an object that identifies this address' network and
        netmask. This function is a suitable "key" argument for sorted()
        and list.sort().
        
        """
        return (self._version, self.network_address, self.netmask)

    def subnets(self, prefixlen_diff=1, new_prefix=None):
        """The subnets which join to make the current subnet.
        
        In the case that self contains only one IP
        (self._prefixlen == 32 for IPv4 or self._prefixlen == 128
        for IPv6), yield an iterator with just ourself.
        
        Args:
            prefixlen_diff: An integer, the amount the prefix length
              should be increased by. This should not be set if
              new_prefix is also set.
            new_prefix: The desired new prefix length. This must be a
              larger number (smaller prefix) than the existing prefix.
              This should not be set if prefixlen_diff is also set.
        
        Returns:
            An iterator of IPv(4|6) objects.
        
        Raises:
            ValueError: The prefixlen_diff is too small or too large.
                OR
            prefixlen_diff and new_prefix are both set or new_prefix
              is a smaller number than the current prefix (smaller
              number means a larger network)
        
        """
        if self._prefixlen == self._max_prefixlen:
            yield self
            return
        if new_prefix is not None:
            if new_prefix < self._prefixlen:
                raise ValueError("new prefix must be longer")
            if prefixlen_diff != 1:
                raise ValueError("cannot set prefixlen_diff and new_prefix")
            prefixlen_diff = new_prefix - self._prefixlen
        if prefixlen_diff < 0:
            raise ValueError("prefix length diff must be > 0")
        new_prefixlen = self._prefixlen + prefixlen_diff
        if new_prefixlen > self._max_prefixlen:
            raise ValueError(
                "prefix length diff %d is invalid for netblock %s"
                % (new_prefixlen, self)
            )
        start = int(self.network_address)
        end = int(self.broadcast_address) + 1
        step = int(self.hostmask) + 1 >> prefixlen_diff
        for new_addr in range(start, end, step):
            current = self.__class__((new_addr, new_prefixlen))
            yield current

    def supernet(self, prefixlen_diff=1, new_prefix=None):
        """The supernet containing the current network.
        
        Args:
            prefixlen_diff: An integer, the amount the prefix length of
              the network should be decreased by.  For example, given a
              /24 network and a prefixlen_diff of 3, a supernet with a
              /21 netmask is returned.
        
        Returns:
            An IPv4 network object.
        
        Raises:
            ValueError: If self.prefixlen - prefixlen_diff < 0. I.e., you have
              a negative prefix length.
                OR
            If prefixlen_diff and new_prefix are both set or new_prefix is a
              larger number than the current prefix (larger number means a
              smaller network)
        
        """
        if self._prefixlen == 0:
            return self
        else:
            if new_prefix is not None:
                if new_prefix > self._prefixlen:
                    raise ValueError("new prefix must be shorter")
                if prefixlen_diff != 1:
                    raise ValueError("cannot set prefixlen_diff and new_prefix")
                prefixlen_diff = self._prefixlen - new_prefix
            new_prefixlen = self.prefixlen - prefixlen_diff
            if new_prefixlen < 0:
                raise ValueError(
                    "current prefixlen is %d, cannot have a prefixlen_diff of %d"
                    % (self.prefixlen, prefixlen_diff)
                )
            return self.__class__(
                (
                    int(self.network_address) & int(self.netmask) << prefixlen_diff,
                    new_prefixlen,
                )
            )

    @property
    def is_multicast(self):
        """Test if the address is reserved for multicast use.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is a multicast address.
            See RFC 2373 2.7 for details.
        
        """
        return self.network_address.is_multicast and self.broadcast_address.is_multicast

    @property
    def is_reserved(self):
        """Test if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is within one of the
            reserved IPv6 Network ranges.
        
        """
        return self.network_address.is_reserved and self.broadcast_address.is_reserved

    @property
    def is_link_local(self):
        """Test if the address is reserved for link-local.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4291.
        
        """
        return (
            self.network_address.is_link_local and self.broadcast_address.is_link_local
        )

    @property
    def is_private(self):
        """Test if this address is allocated for private networks.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per
            iana-ipv4-special-registry or iana-ipv6-special-registry.
        
        """
        return self.network_address.is_private and self.broadcast_address.is_private

    @property
    def is_global(self):
        """Test if this address is allocated for public networks.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is not reserved per
            iana-ipv4-special-registry or iana-ipv6-special-registry.
        
        """
        return not self.is_private

    @property
    def is_unspecified(self):
        """Test if the address is unspecified.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if this is the unspecified address as defined in
            RFC 2373 2.5.2.
        
        """
        return (
            self.network_address.is_unspecified
            and self.broadcast_address.is_unspecified
        )

    @property
    def is_loopback(self):
        """Test if the address is a loopback address.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is a loopback address as defined in
            RFC 2373 2.5.3.
        
        """
        return self.network_address.is_loopback and self.broadcast_address.is_loopback


class _BaseV4:
    """Base IPv4 object.
    
    The following methods are used by IPv4 objects in both single IP
    addresses and networks.
    
    """

    __slots__ = ()
    _version = 4
    _ALL_ONES = 2 ** IPV4LENGTH - 1
    _DECIMAL_DIGITS = frozenset("0123456789")
    _valid_mask_octets = frozenset({255, 254, 252, 248, 240, 224, 192, 128, 0})
    _max_prefixlen = IPV4LENGTH
    _netmask_cache = {}

    def _explode_shorthand_ip_string(self):
        return str(self)

    @classmethod
    def _make_netmask(cls, arg):
        """Make a (netmask, prefix_len) tuple from the given argument.
        
        Argument can be:
        - an integer (the prefix length)
        - a string representing the prefix length (e.g. "24")
        - a string representing the prefix netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0")
        """
        if arg not in cls._netmask_cache:
            if isinstance(arg, int):
                prefixlen = arg
            else:
                try:
                    prefixlen = cls._prefix_from_prefix_string(arg)
                except NetmaskValueError:
                    prefixlen = cls._prefix_from_ip_string(arg)

                netmask = IPv4Address(cls._ip_int_from_prefix(prefixlen))
                cls._netmask_cache[arg] = (netmask, prefixlen)
            return cls._netmask_cache[arg]

    @classmethod
    def _ip_int_from_string(cls, ip_str):
        """Turn the given IP string into an integer for comparison.
        
        Args:
            ip_str: A string, the IP ip_str.
        
        Returns:
            The IP ip_str as an integer.
        
        Raises:
            AddressValueError: if ip_str isn't a valid IPv4 Address.
        
        """
        if not ip_str:
            raise AddressValueError("Address cannot be empty")
        octets = ip_str.split(".")
        if len(octets) != 4:
            raise AddressValueError("Expected 4 octets in %r" % ip_str)
        try:
            return int.from_bytes(map(cls._parse_octet, octets), "big")
        except ValueError as exc:
            raise AddressValueError("%s in %r" % (exc, ip_str)) from None

    @classmethod
    def _parse_octet(cls, octet_str):
        """Convert a decimal octet into an integer.
        
        Args:
            octet_str: A string, the number to parse.
        
        Returns:
            The octet as an integer.
        
        Raises:
            ValueError: if the octet isn't strictly a decimal from [0..255].
        
        """
        if not octet_str:
            raise ValueError("Empty octet not permitted")
        if not cls._DECIMAL_DIGITS.issuperset(octet_str):
            msg = "Only decimal digits permitted in %r"
            raise ValueError(msg % octet_str)
        if len(octet_str) > 3:
            msg = "At most 3 characters permitted in %r"
            raise ValueError(msg % octet_str)
        octet_int = int(octet_str, 10)
        if octet_int > 7:
            if octet_str[0] == "0":
                msg = "Ambiguous (octal/decimal) value in %r not permitted"
                raise ValueError(msg % octet_str)
        if octet_int > 255:
            raise ValueError("Octet %d (> 255) not permitted" % octet_int)
        return octet_int

    @classmethod
    def _string_from_ip_int(cls, ip_int):
        """Turns a 32-bit integer into dotted decimal notation.
        
        Args:
            ip_int: An integer, the IP address.
        
        Returns:
            The IP address as a string in dotted decimal notation.
        
        """
        return (".").join(map(str, ip_int.to_bytes(4, "big")))

    def _is_valid_netmask(self, netmask):
        """Verify that the netmask is valid.
        
        Args:
            netmask: A string, either a prefix or dotted decimal
              netmask.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the prefix represents a valid IPv4
            netmask.
        
        """
        mask = netmask.split(".")
        if len(mask) == 4:
            try:
                for x in mask:
                    if int(x) not in self._valid_mask_octets:
                        return False

            except ValueError:
                return False
            else:
                for idx, y in enumerate(mask):
                    if idx > 0:
                        if y > mask[idx - 1]:
                            return False

                return True
                try:
                    netmask = int(netmask)
                except ValueError:
                    return False

            return 0 <= netmask <= self._max_prefixlen

    def _is_hostmask(self, ip_str):
        """Test if the IP string is a hostmask (rather than a netmask).
        
        Args:
            ip_str: A string, the potential hostmask.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the IP string is a hostmask.
        
        """
        bits = ip_str.split(".")
        try:
            parts = [x for x in map(int, bits) if x in self._valid_mask_octets]
        except ValueError:
            return False

        if len(parts) != len(bits):
            return False
        elif parts[0] < parts[-1]:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def _reverse_pointer(self):
        """Return the reverse DNS pointer name for the IPv4 address.
        
        This implements the method described in RFC1035 3.5.
        
        """
        reverse_octets = str(self).split(".")[::-1]
        return (".").join(reverse_octets) + ".in-addr.arpa"

    @property
    def max_prefixlen(self):
        return self._max_prefixlen

    @property
    def version(self):
        return self._version


class IPv4Address(_BaseV4, _BaseAddress):
    """Represent and manipulate single IPv4 Addresses."""

    __slots__ = ("_ip", "__weakref__")

    def __init__(self, address):
        """
        Args:
            address: A string or integer representing the IP
        
              Additionally, an integer can be passed, so
              IPv4Address('192.0.2.1') == IPv4Address(3221225985).
              or, more generally
              IPv4Address(int(IPv4Address('192.0.2.1'))) ==
                IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')
        
        Raises:
            AddressValueError: If ipaddress isn't a valid IPv4 address.
        
        """
        if isinstance(address, int):
            self._check_int_address(address)
            self._ip = address
            return
        if isinstance(address, bytes):
            self._check_packed_address(address, 4)
            self._ip = int.from_bytes(address, "big")
            return
        addr_str = str(address)
        if "/" in addr_str:
            raise AddressValueError("Unexpected '/' in %r" % address)
        self._ip = self._ip_int_from_string(addr_str)

    @property
    def packed(self):
        """The binary representation of this address."""
        return v4_int_to_packed(self._ip)

    @property
    def is_reserved(self):
        """Test if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
        
         Returns:
             A boolean, True if the address is within the
             reserved IPv4 Network range.
        
        """
        return self in self._constants._reserved_network

    @property
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def is_private(self):
        """Test if this address is allocated for private networks.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per
            iana-ipv4-special-registry.
        
        """
        return any((self in net for net in self._constants._private_networks))

    @property
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def is_global(self):
        return self not in self._constants._public_network and not self.is_private

    @property
    def is_multicast(self):
        """Test if the address is reserved for multicast use.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is multicast.
            See RFC 3171 for details.
        
        """
        return self in self._constants._multicast_network

    @property
    def is_unspecified(self):
        """Test if the address is unspecified.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if this is the unspecified address as defined in
            RFC 5735 3.
        
        """
        return self == self._constants._unspecified_address

    @property
    def is_loopback(self):
        """Test if the address is a loopback address.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is a loopback per RFC 3330.
        
        """
        return self in self._constants._loopback_network

    @property
    def is_link_local(self):
        """Test if the address is reserved for link-local.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is link-local per RFC 3927.
        
        """
        return self in self._constants._linklocal_network


class IPv4Interface(IPv4Address):
    def __init__(self, address):
        if isinstance(address, (bytes, int)):
            IPv4Address.__init__(self, address)
            self.network = IPv4Network(self._ip)
            self._prefixlen = self._max_prefixlen
            return
        if isinstance(address, tuple):
            IPv4Address.__init__(self, address[0])
            if len(address) > 1:
                self._prefixlen = int(address[1])
            else:
                self._prefixlen = self._max_prefixlen
            self.network = IPv4Network(address, strict=False)
            self.netmask = self.network.netmask
            self.hostmask = self.network.hostmask
            return
        addr = _split_optional_netmask(address)
        IPv4Address.__init__(self, addr[0])
        self.network = IPv4Network(address, strict=False)
        self._prefixlen = self.network._prefixlen
        self.netmask = self.network.netmask
        self.hostmask = self.network.hostmask

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s/%d" % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip), self.network.prefixlen)

    def __eq__(self, other):
        address_equal = IPv4Address.__eq__(self, other)
        if not address_equal or address_equal is NotImplemented:
            return address_equal
            try:
                return self.network == other.network
            except AttributeError:
                return False

    def __lt__(self, other):
        address_less = IPv4Address.__lt__(self, other)
        if address_less is NotImplemented:
            return NotImplemented
            try:
                return (
                    self.network < other.network
                    or self.network == other.network
                    and address_less
                )
            except AttributeError:
                return False

    def __hash__(self):
        return self._ip ^ self._prefixlen ^ int(self.network.network_address)

    __reduce__ = _IPAddressBase.__reduce__

    @property
    def ip(self):
        return IPv4Address(self._ip)

    @property
    def with_prefixlen(self):
        return "%s/%s" % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip), self._prefixlen)

    @property
    def with_netmask(self):
        return "%s/%s" % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip), self.netmask)

    @property
    def with_hostmask(self):
        return "%s/%s" % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip), self.hostmask)


class IPv4Network(_BaseV4, _BaseNetwork):
    """This class represents and manipulates 32-bit IPv4 network + addresses..
    
    Attributes: [examples for IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/27')]
        .network_address: IPv4Address('192.0.2.0')
        .hostmask: IPv4Address('0.0.0.31')
        .broadcast_address: IPv4Address('192.0.2.32')
        .netmask: IPv4Address('255.255.255.224')
        .prefixlen: 27
    
    """

    _address_class = IPv4Address

    def __init__(self, address, strict=True):
        """Instantiate a new IPv4 network object.
        
        Args:
            address: A string or integer representing the IP [& network].
              '192.0.2.0/24'
              '192.0.2.0/255.255.255.0'
              '192.0.0.2/0.0.0.255'
              are all functionally the same in IPv4. Similarly,
              '192.0.2.1'
              '192.0.2.1/255.255.255.255'
              '192.0.2.1/32'
              are also functionally equivalent. That is to say, failing to
              provide a subnetmask will create an object with a mask of /32.
        
              If the mask (portion after the / in the argument) is given in
              dotted quad form, it is treated as a netmask if it starts with a
              non-zero field (e.g. /255.0.0.0 == /8) and as a hostmask if it
              starts with a zero field (e.g. 0.255.255.255 == /8), with the
              single exception of an all-zero mask which is treated as a
              netmask == /0. If no mask is given, a default of /32 is used.
        
              Additionally, an integer can be passed, so
              IPv4Network('192.0.2.1') == IPv4Network(3221225985)
              or, more generally
              IPv4Interface(int(IPv4Interface('192.0.2.1'))) ==
                IPv4Interface('192.0.2.1')
        
        Raises:
            AddressValueError: If ipaddress isn't a valid IPv4 address.
            NetmaskValueError: If the netmask isn't valid for
              an IPv4 address.
            ValueError: If strict is True and a network address is not
              supplied.
        
        """
        _BaseNetwork.__init__(self, address)
        if isinstance(address, (int, bytes)):
            self.network_address = IPv4Address(address)
            self.netmask, self._prefixlen = self._make_netmask(self._max_prefixlen)
            return
        if isinstance(address, tuple):
            if len(address) > 1:
                arg = address[1]
            else:
                arg = self._max_prefixlen
            self.network_address = IPv4Address(address[0])
            self.netmask, self._prefixlen = self._make_netmask(arg)
            packed = int(self.network_address)
            if packed & int(self.netmask) != packed:
                if strict:
                    raise ValueError("%s has host bits set" % self)
                else:
                    self.network_address = IPv4Address(packed & int(self.netmask))
                return
            addr = _split_optional_netmask(address)
            self.network_address = IPv4Address(self._ip_int_from_string(addr[0]))
            if len(addr) == 2:
                arg = addr[1]
            else:
                arg = self._max_prefixlen
            self.netmask, self._prefixlen = self._make_netmask(arg)
            if strict:
                if (
                    IPv4Address(int(self.network_address) & int(self.netmask))
                    != self.network_address
                ):
                    raise ValueError("%s has host bits set" % self)
            self.network_address = IPv4Address(
                int(self.network_address) & int(self.netmask)
            )
            if self._prefixlen == self._max_prefixlen - 1:
                self.hosts = self.__iter__

    @property
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def is_global(self):
        """Test if this address is allocated for public networks.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is not reserved per
            iana-ipv4-special-registry.
        
        """
        return (
            not (
                self.network_address in IPv4Network("100.64.0.0/10")
                and self.broadcast_address in IPv4Network("100.64.0.0/10")
            )
            and not self.is_private
        )


class _IPv4Constants:
    _linklocal_network = IPv4Network("169.254.0.0/16")
    _loopback_network = IPv4Network("127.0.0.0/8")
    _multicast_network = IPv4Network("224.0.0.0/4")
    _public_network = IPv4Network("100.64.0.0/10")
    _private_networks = [
        IPv4Network("0.0.0.0/8"),
        IPv4Network("10.0.0.0/8"),
        IPv4Network("127.0.0.0/8"),
        IPv4Network("169.254.0.0/16"),
        IPv4Network("172.16.0.0/12"),
        IPv4Network("192.0.0.0/29"),
        IPv4Network("192.0.0.170/31"),
        IPv4Network("192.0.2.0/24"),
        IPv4Network("192.168.0.0/16"),
        IPv4Network("198.18.0.0/15"),
        IPv4Network("198.51.100.0/24"),
        IPv4Network("203.0.113.0/24"),
        IPv4Network("240.0.0.0/4"),
        IPv4Network("255.255.255.255/32"),
    ]
    _reserved_network = IPv4Network("240.0.0.0/4")
    _unspecified_address = IPv4Address("0.0.0.0")


IPv4Address._constants = _IPv4Constants


class _BaseV6:
    """Base IPv6 object.
    
    The following methods are used by IPv6 objects in both single IP
    addresses and networks.
    
    """

    __slots__ = ()
    _version = 6
    _ALL_ONES = 2 ** IPV6LENGTH - 1
    _HEXTET_COUNT = 8
    _HEX_DIGITS = frozenset("0123456789ABCDEFabcdef")
    _max_prefixlen = IPV6LENGTH
    _netmask_cache = {}

    @classmethod
    def _make_netmask(cls, arg):
        """Make a (netmask, prefix_len) tuple from the given argument.
        
        Argument can be:
        - an integer (the prefix length)
        - a string representing the prefix length (e.g. "24")
        - a string representing the prefix netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0")
        """
        if arg not in cls._netmask_cache:
            if isinstance(arg, int):
                prefixlen = arg
            else:
                prefixlen = cls._prefix_from_prefix_string(arg)
            netmask = IPv6Address(cls._ip_int_from_prefix(prefixlen))
            cls._netmask_cache[arg] = (netmask, prefixlen)
        return cls._netmask_cache[arg]

    @classmethod
    def _ip_int_from_string(cls, ip_str):
        """Turn an IPv6 ip_str into an integer.
        
        Args:
            ip_str: A string, the IPv6 ip_str.
        
        Returns:
            An int, the IPv6 address
        
        Raises:
            AddressValueError: if ip_str isn't a valid IPv6 Address.
        
        """
        if not ip_str:
            raise AddressValueError("Address cannot be empty")
        parts = ip_str.split(":")
        _min_parts = 3
        if len(parts) < _min_parts:
            msg = "At least %d parts expected in %r" % (_min_parts, ip_str)
            raise AddressValueError(msg)
        if "." in parts[-1]:
            try:
                ipv4_int = IPv4Address(parts.pop())._ip
            except AddressValueError as exc:
                raise AddressValueError("%s in %r" % (exc, ip_str)) from None

            parts.append("%x" % (ipv4_int >> 16 & 65535))
            parts.append("%x" % (ipv4_int & 65535))
        _max_parts = cls._HEXTET_COUNT + 1
        if len(parts) > _max_parts:
            msg = "At most %d colons permitted in %r" % (_max_parts - 1, ip_str)
            raise AddressValueError(msg)
        skip_index = None
        for i in range(1, len(parts) - 1):
            if not parts[i]:
                if skip_index is not None:
                    msg = "At most one '::' permitted in %r" % ip_str
                    raise AddressValueError(msg)
                skip_index = i

        if skip_index is not None:
            parts_hi = skip_index
            parts_lo = len(parts) - skip_index - 1
            if not parts[0]:
                parts_hi -= 1
                if parts_hi:
                    msg = "Leading ':' only permitted as part of '::' in %r"
                    raise AddressValueError(msg % ip_str)
            if not parts[-1]:
                parts_lo -= 1
                if parts_lo:
                    msg = "Trailing ':' only permitted as part of '::' in %r"
                    raise AddressValueError(msg % ip_str)
            parts_skipped = cls._HEXTET_COUNT - (parts_hi + parts_lo)
            if parts_skipped < 1:
                msg = "Expected at most %d other parts with '::' in %r"
                raise AddressValueError(msg % (cls._HEXTET_COUNT - 1, ip_str))
            else:
                if len(parts) != cls._HEXTET_COUNT:
                    msg = "Exactly %d parts expected without '::' in %r"
                    raise AddressValueError(msg % (cls._HEXTET_COUNT, ip_str))
                if not parts[0]:
                    msg = "Leading ':' only permitted as part of '::' in %r"
                    raise AddressValueError(msg % ip_str)
                if not parts[-1]:
                    msg = "Trailing ':' only permitted as part of '::' in %r"
                    raise AddressValueError(msg % ip_str)
                parts_hi = len(parts)
                parts_lo = 0
                parts_skipped = 0
        try:
            ip_int = 0
            for i in range(parts_hi):
                ip_int <<= 16
                ip_int |= cls._parse_hextet(parts[i])

            ip_int <<= 16 * parts_skipped
            for i in range(-parts_lo, 0):
                ip_int <<= 16
                ip_int |= cls._parse_hextet(parts[i])

            return ip_int
        except ValueError as exc:
            raise AddressValueError("%s in %r" % (exc, ip_str)) from None

    @classmethod
    def _parse_hextet(cls, hextet_str):
        """Convert an IPv6 hextet string into an integer.
        
        Args:
            hextet_str: A string, the number to parse.
        
        Returns:
            The hextet as an integer.
        
        Raises:
            ValueError: if the input isn't strictly a hex number from
              [0..FFFF].
        
        """
        if not cls._HEX_DIGITS.issuperset(hextet_str):
            raise ValueError("Only hex digits permitted in %r" % hextet_str)
        if len(hextet_str) > 4:
            msg = "At most 4 characters permitted in %r"
            raise ValueError(msg % hextet_str)
        return int(hextet_str, 16)

    @classmethod
    def _compress_hextets(cls, hextets):
        """Compresses a list of hextets.
        
        Compresses a list of strings, replacing the longest continuous
        sequence of "0" in the list with "" and adding empty strings at
        the beginning or at the end of the string such that subsequently
        calling ":".join(hextets) will produce the compressed version of
        the IPv6 address.
        
        Args:
            hextets: A list of strings, the hextets to compress.
        
        Returns:
            A list of strings.
        
        """
        best_doublecolon_start = -1
        best_doublecolon_len = 0
        doublecolon_start = -1
        doublecolon_len = 0
        for index, hextet in enumerate(hextets):
            if hextet == "0":
                doublecolon_len += 1
                if doublecolon_start == -1:
                    doublecolon_start = index
                if doublecolon_len > best_doublecolon_len:
                    best_doublecolon_len = doublecolon_len
                    best_doublecolon_start = doublecolon_start
                else:
                    doublecolon_len = 0
                    doublecolon_start = -1

        if best_doublecolon_len > 1:
            best_doublecolon_end = best_doublecolon_start + best_doublecolon_len
            if best_doublecolon_end == len(hextets):
                hextets += [""]
            hextets[best_doublecolon_start:best_doublecolon_end] = [""]
            if best_doublecolon_start == 0:
                hextets = [""] + hextets
        return hextets

    @classmethod
    def _string_from_ip_int(cls, ip_int=None):
        """Turns a 128-bit integer into hexadecimal notation.
        
        Args:
            ip_int: An integer, the IP address.
        
        Returns:
            A string, the hexadecimal representation of the address.
        
        Raises:
            ValueError: The address is bigger than 128 bits of all ones.
        
        """
        if ip_int is None:
            ip_int = int(cls._ip)
        if ip_int > cls._ALL_ONES:
            raise ValueError("IPv6 address is too large")
        hex_str = "%032x" % ip_int
        hextets = ["%x" % int(hex_str[x : x + 4], 16) for x in range(0, 32, 4)]
        hextets = cls._compress_hextets(hextets)
        return (":").join(hextets)

    def _explode_shorthand_ip_string(self):
        """Expand a shortened IPv6 address.
        
        Args:
            ip_str: A string, the IPv6 address.
        
        Returns:
            A string, the expanded IPv6 address.
        
        """
        if isinstance(self, IPv6Network):
            ip_str = str(self.network_address)
        else:
            if isinstance(self, IPv6Interface):
                ip_str = str(self.ip)
            else:
                ip_str = str(self)
            ip_int = self._ip_int_from_string(ip_str)
            hex_str = "%032x" % ip_int
            parts = [hex_str[x : x + 4] for x in range(0, 32, 4)]
            if isinstance(self, (_BaseNetwork, IPv6Interface)):
                return "%s/%d" % ((":").join(parts), self._prefixlen)
            return (":").join(parts)

    def _reverse_pointer(self):
        """Return the reverse DNS pointer name for the IPv6 address.
        
        This implements the method described in RFC3596 2.5.
        
        """
        reverse_chars = self.exploded[::-1].replace(":", "")
        return (".").join(reverse_chars) + ".ip6.arpa"

    @property
    def max_prefixlen(self):
        return self._max_prefixlen

    @property
    def version(self):
        return self._version


class IPv6Address(_BaseV6, _BaseAddress):
    """Represent and manipulate single IPv6 Addresses."""

    __slots__ = ("_ip", "__weakref__")

    def __init__(self, address):
        """Instantiate a new IPv6 address object.
        
        Args:
            address: A string or integer representing the IP
        
              Additionally, an integer can be passed, so
              IPv6Address('2001:db8::') ==
                IPv6Address(42540766411282592856903984951653826560)
              or, more generally
              IPv6Address(int(IPv6Address('2001:db8::'))) ==
                IPv6Address('2001:db8::')
        
        Raises:
            AddressValueError: If address isn't a valid IPv6 address.
        
        """
        if isinstance(address, int):
            self._check_int_address(address)
            self._ip = address
            return
        if isinstance(address, bytes):
            self._check_packed_address(address, 16)
            self._ip = int.from_bytes(address, "big")
            return
        addr_str = str(address)
        if "/" in addr_str:
            raise AddressValueError("Unexpected '/' in %r" % address)
        self._ip = self._ip_int_from_string(addr_str)

    @property
    def packed(self):
        """The binary representation of this address."""
        return v6_int_to_packed(self._ip)

    @property
    def is_multicast(self):
        """Test if the address is reserved for multicast use.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is a multicast address.
            See RFC 2373 2.7 for details.
        
        """
        return self in self._constants._multicast_network

    @property
    def is_reserved(self):
        """Test if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is within one of the
            reserved IPv6 Network ranges.
        
        """
        return any((self in x for x in self._constants._reserved_networks))

    @property
    def is_link_local(self):
        """Test if the address is reserved for link-local.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4291.
        
        """
        return self in self._constants._linklocal_network

    @property
    def is_site_local(self):
        """Test if the address is reserved for site-local.
        
        Note that the site-local address space has been deprecated by RFC 3879.
        Use is_private to test if this address is in the space of unique local
        addresses as defined by RFC 4193.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 3513 2.5.6.
        
        """
        return self in self._constants._sitelocal_network

    @property
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def is_private(self):
        """Test if this address is allocated for private networks.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per
            iana-ipv6-special-registry.
        
        """
        return any((self in net for net in self._constants._private_networks))

    @property
    def is_global(self):
        """Test if this address is allocated for public networks.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, true if the address is not reserved per
            iana-ipv6-special-registry.
        
        """
        return not self.is_private

    @property
    def is_unspecified(self):
        """Test if the address is unspecified.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if this is the unspecified address as defined in
            RFC 2373 2.5.2.
        
        """
        return self._ip == 0

    @property
    def is_loopback(self):
        """Test if the address is a loopback address.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is a loopback address as defined in
            RFC 2373 2.5.3.
        
        """
        return self._ip == 1

    @property
    def ipv4_mapped(self):
        """Return the IPv4 mapped address.
        
        Returns:
            If the IPv6 address is a v4 mapped address, return the
            IPv4 mapped address. Return None otherwise.
        
        """
        if self._ip >> 32 != 65535:
            return
        else:
            return IPv4Address(self._ip & 4294967295)

    @property
    def teredo(self):
        """Tuple of embedded teredo IPs.
        
        Returns:
            Tuple of the (server, client) IPs or None if the address
            doesn't appear to be a teredo address (doesn't start with
            2001::/32)
        
        """
        if self._ip >> 96 != 536936448:
            return
        else:
            return (
                IPv4Address(self._ip >> 64 & 4294967295),
                IPv4Address(~self._ip & 4294967295),
            )

    @property
    def sixtofour(self):
        """Return the IPv4 6to4 embedded address.
        
        Returns:
            The IPv4 6to4-embedded address if present or None if the
            address doesn't appear to contain a 6to4 embedded address.
        
        """
        if self._ip >> 112 != 8194:
            return
        else:
            return IPv4Address(self._ip >> 80 & 4294967295)


class IPv6Interface(IPv6Address):
    def __init__(self, address):
        if isinstance(address, (bytes, int)):
            IPv6Address.__init__(self, address)
            self.network = IPv6Network(self._ip)
            self._prefixlen = self._max_prefixlen
            return
        if isinstance(address, tuple):
            IPv6Address.__init__(self, address[0])
            if len(address) > 1:
                self._prefixlen = int(address[1])
            else:
                self._prefixlen = self._max_prefixlen
            self.network = IPv6Network(address, strict=False)
            self.netmask = self.network.netmask
            self.hostmask = self.network.hostmask
            return
        addr = _split_optional_netmask(address)
        IPv6Address.__init__(self, addr[0])
        self.network = IPv6Network(address, strict=False)
        self.netmask = self.network.netmask
        self._prefixlen = self.network._prefixlen
        self.hostmask = self.network.hostmask

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s/%d" % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip), self.network.prefixlen)

    def __eq__(self, other):
        address_equal = IPv6Address.__eq__(self, other)
        if not address_equal or address_equal is NotImplemented:
            return address_equal
            try:
                return self.network == other.network
            except AttributeError:
                return False

    def __lt__(self, other):
        address_less = IPv6Address.__lt__(self, other)
        if address_less is NotImplemented:
            return NotImplemented
            try:
                return (
                    self.network < other.network
                    or self.network == other.network
                    and address_less
                )
            except AttributeError:
                return False

    def __hash__(self):
        return self._ip ^ self._prefixlen ^ int(self.network.network_address)

    __reduce__ = _IPAddressBase.__reduce__

    @property
    def ip(self):
        return IPv6Address(self._ip)

    @property
    def with_prefixlen(self):
        return "%s/%s" % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip), self._prefixlen)

    @property
    def with_netmask(self):
        return "%s/%s" % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip), self.netmask)

    @property
    def with_hostmask(self):
        return "%s/%s" % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip), self.hostmask)

    @property
    def is_unspecified(self):
        return self._ip == 0 and self.network.is_unspecified

    @property
    def is_loopback(self):
        return self._ip == 1 and self.network.is_loopback


class IPv6Network(_BaseV6, _BaseNetwork):
    """This class represents and manipulates 128-bit IPv6 networks.
    
    Attributes: [examples for IPv6('2001:db8::1000/124')]
        .network_address: IPv6Address('2001:db8::1000')
        .hostmask: IPv6Address('::f')
        .broadcast_address: IPv6Address('2001:db8::100f')
        .netmask: IPv6Address('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0')
        .prefixlen: 124
    
    """

    _address_class = IPv6Address

    def __init__(self, address, strict=True):
        """Instantiate a new IPv6 Network object.
        
        Args:
            address: A string or integer representing the IPv6 network or the
              IP and prefix/netmask.
              '2001:db8::/128'
              '2001:db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/128'
              '2001:db8::'
              are all functionally the same in IPv6.  That is to say,
              failing to provide a subnetmask will create an object with
              a mask of /128.
        
              Additionally, an integer can be passed, so
              IPv6Network('2001:db8::') ==
                IPv6Network(42540766411282592856903984951653826560)
              or, more generally
              IPv6Network(int(IPv6Network('2001:db8::'))) ==
                IPv6Network('2001:db8::')
        
            strict: A boolean. If true, ensure that we have been passed
              A true network address, eg, 2001:db8::1000/124 and not an
              IP address on a network, eg, 2001:db8::1/124.
        
        Raises:
            AddressValueError: If address isn't a valid IPv6 address.
            NetmaskValueError: If the netmask isn't valid for
              an IPv6 address.
            ValueError: If strict was True and a network address was not
              supplied.
        
        """
        _BaseNetwork.__init__(self, address)
        if isinstance(address, (bytes, int)):
            self.network_address = IPv6Address(address)
            self.netmask, self._prefixlen = self._make_netmask(self._max_prefixlen)
            return
        if isinstance(address, tuple):
            if len(address) > 1:
                arg = address[1]
            else:
                arg = self._max_prefixlen
            self.netmask, self._prefixlen = self._make_netmask(arg)
            self.network_address = IPv6Address(address[0])
            packed = int(self.network_address)
            if packed & int(self.netmask) != packed:
                if strict:
                    raise ValueError("%s has host bits set" % self)
                else:
                    self.network_address = IPv6Address(packed & int(self.netmask))
                return
            addr = _split_optional_netmask(address)
            self.network_address = IPv6Address(self._ip_int_from_string(addr[0]))
            if len(addr) == 2:
                arg = addr[1]
            else:
                arg = self._max_prefixlen
            self.netmask, self._prefixlen = self._make_netmask(arg)
            if strict:
                if (
                    IPv6Address(int(self.network_address) & int(self.netmask))
                    != self.network_address
                ):
                    raise ValueError("%s has host bits set" % self)
            self.network_address = IPv6Address(
                int(self.network_address) & int(self.netmask)
            )
            if self._prefixlen == self._max_prefixlen - 1:
                self.hosts = self.__iter__

    def hosts(self):
        """Generate Iterator over usable hosts in a network.
        
          This is like __iter__ except it doesn't return the
          Subnet-Router anycast address.
        
        """
        network = int(self.network_address)
        broadcast = int(self.broadcast_address)
        for x in range(network + 1, broadcast + 1):
            yield self._address_class(x)

    @property
    def is_site_local(self):
        """Test if the address is reserved for site-local.
        
        Note that the site-local address space has been deprecated by RFC 3879.
        Use is_private to test if this address is in the space of unique local
        addresses as defined by RFC 4193.
        
        Returns:
            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 3513 2.5.6.
        
        """
        return (
            self.network_address.is_site_local and self.broadcast_address.is_site_local
        )


class _IPv6Constants:
    _linklocal_network = IPv6Network("fe80::/10")
    _multicast_network = IPv6Network("ff00::/8")
    _private_networks = [
        IPv6Network("::1/128"),
        IPv6Network("::/128"),
        IPv6Network("::ffff:0:0/96"),
        IPv6Network("100::/64"),
        IPv6Network("2001::/23"),
        IPv6Network("2001:2::/48"),
        IPv6Network("2001:db8::/32"),
        IPv6Network("2001:10::/28"),
        IPv6Network("fc00::/7"),
        IPv6Network("fe80::/10"),
    ]
    _reserved_networks = [
        IPv6Network("::/8"),
        IPv6Network("100::/8"),
        IPv6Network("200::/7"),
        IPv6Network("400::/6"),
        IPv6Network("800::/5"),
        IPv6Network("1000::/4"),
        IPv6Network("4000::/3"),
        IPv6Network("6000::/3"),
        IPv6Network("8000::/3"),
        IPv6Network("A000::/3"),
        IPv6Network("C000::/3"),
        IPv6Network("E000::/4"),
        IPv6Network("F000::/5"),
        IPv6Network("F800::/6"),
        IPv6Network("FE00::/9"),
    ]
    _sitelocal_network = IPv6Network("fec0::/10")


IPv6Address._constants = _IPv6Constants
